Xu If something happens to go wrong at a nuclear reactor, anyone living in a 10-mile radius of the plant may Union of Concerned Scientists HR significantly reduced many of these pollutants over the past two decades, Mapping Power Plants and Neighboring Communities, GraphingPower Plants and Neighboring Communities, EJ Screening Reportfor the Clean Power Plan, Frequent Questions about Power Plants and Neighboring Communities, Power Plants and Neighboring Communities Webinar. JL Natural gas delivery infrastructure has three categories: Natural gas transported on the mainline natural gas transportation (pipeline) system in the United States must meet specific quality measures so that the pipeline network (or grid) provides uniform-quality natural gas. T Because living near power plants may expose people to additional sources of air pollution, this proximity may increase their risk of having negative health endpoints. Notethat this applies to the site boundary, not to theactual well site.". You can explore the distribution of all plants for a particular demographic by selecting the label or bar for the demographic. On the other hand, the process of getting natural gas from where it's mined to the power plants leads to considerable release of methane The source population was all livebirths recorded by the Florida Department of Health, Office of Vital Statistics (Florida Vital Records), from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2005 (n = 445,028). X Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. We use cookies to improve your experience. In populous cities, the percentage of deaths attributable to PM2.5 and ozone ranges from 3.5% in San Jose to 10% in Los Angeles (both in California) (9). D S In addition, nitric oxides have also been linked to term LBW and PTD (30, 31). These emissions really can affect local air quality, and that is why this is a problem. According to projections from the California Air Resources Board, stationary sources account for roughly 21% of NOx emissions, while mobile sources account for a whopping 74% of NOx emission in the state. Geer RD Strmgren These Experts Are Racing to Protect AI From Hackers. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. These pollutants have been linked to adverse birth outcomes in many studies. Florida has relatively high power plant emissions (16, 24) that provide a unique opportunity to investigate the potential association between power plant emissions and adverse birth outcomes. These mortality estimates were significantly higher for the older population. Queisser-Luft The percentage of plants located in or near communitieswithan average of less than the national average is on the left side of the graph (blue). More information about the Power Plant Retirements map can be foundhere. The electric power sector is a large source of U.S. CO 2 emissions. A recent risk analysis estimated that particulate matter less than 2.5 m in diameter (PM2.5) and ozone, estimated from the 2005 air quality level, were responsible for 130,000 and 4,700 excess deaths, respectively (9). Senior Energy Analyst, James Gignac Teng Natural gas processing can be complex and usually involves several steps to remove oil, water, HGLS, and other impurities such as sulfur, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon dioxide. Dong It is important to note that the impacts of power plant emissions are not limited to a 3-mile radius. KO Oudin et al. Comprehensive data summaries, comparisons, analysis, and projections integrated across all energy sources. These findings are consistent with the fact that coal and solid waste power plants produce relatively larger amounts of particulate emissions compared with other types of power plants. Peacock U.S. ML Overall, the percentages of people living closer to power plants were higher among those with adverse birth outcomes compared with those among controls. Natural gas already emits half the CO 2 emissions of a coal-fired power plant. For example, for oil plants, we compared births within 20 km with births not within 20 km from any plant (e.g., excluding those who were closer to any other types of plant). A lock (LockA locked padlock) or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Mangones Natural gas is stored in large volumes in underground facilities and in smaller volumes in tanks above or below ground. C Populations found to be particularly vulnerable to environmental pollution include the poor, the elderly, the very young, those already in poor health, and/or indigenous populations. B Rajagopalan An official website of the United States government. I In conclusion, our study found evidence of increased odds of adverse birth outcomes among women who lived closer to power plants. Burning fossil fuels to produce electricity creates emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter (PM), carbon dioxide (CO2),mercury (Hg) and other hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), and other pollutants. Eshoul This work was supported by grant K01ES019177 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (X.X.) SA Cifuentes On Florida birth certificates, the gestational age in weeks is typically determined by ultrasound measurements. To access this combined power plants and neighboring communities data in theEJSCREEN mapping tool, from the mapping tool menu: More information can also be found on the Frequent Questions about Power Plants and Neighboring Communitiespage and in the Power Plants and Neighboring Communities Webinar. Recurring messages. et al. Specifically, for each 5-km decrease in the distance to any power plant, the odds of term LBW, PTD, and VPTD increased by 1.1% (odds ratio (OR) = 1.011, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.002, 1.020), 1.8% (OR = 1.018, 95% CI: 1.013, 1.023), and 2.2% (OR = 1.022, 95% CI: 1.010, 1.034), respectively. Mark Specht is the Western States Energy Manager/Senior Analyst for the Climate & Energy program at the Union of Concerned Scientists. In the categorical exposure analyses, we made a fundamental assumption that each power plant has a uniform effect on participants within a certain buffer. Bremner et al. This finding has also been observed in Taiwan by Tsai et al. We also compared the odds for different buffer sizes of <5, 59.9, 1019.9, and 20 km from a power plant. Natural gas power accounts for about 20 percent of the nation's electricity. Characteristics and risk factors for adverse birth outcomes in pregnant black adolescents, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Factors associated with negative birth outcomes: findings from a birth cohort study, A case study of the relative effects of power plant nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide emission reductions on atmospheric nitrogen deposition, Residential mobility during pregnancy and the potential for ambient air pollution exposure misclassification, Impact of residential mobility on exposure assessment in longitudinal air pollution studies: a sensitivity analysis within the ESCAPE Project. RD Director of Energy Research & Analysis, Guillermo Pereira et al. Ren Quantifying the risk Out of all the different risks investigated thus far, an increase in natural gas price from $6/GJ to $9/GJ causes the biggest increase in the average electricity price required. Wellhead natural gas may contain contaminants and hydrocarbon gas liquids (HGLs) that must be removed before the natural gas can be safely delivered to the high First, analysis of proximity as both a continuous variable and as a categorical variable addresses exposure-response relationships, but it does so in different ways with different assumptions. However, studies on residential mobility and its effects on air pollution assessment suggest a very low degree of misclassification (42, 43). Many U.S. power plants produce CO 2 emissions. The map displays all fossil fuel-fired power plants that supply electricity to the grid. Gas blows are routine practice within the industry. Quadrant A shows power plants located in or near communities with a low-income percentage greater than the national average and less than the people of color national average. Zou Vijayaraghavan 2 Brattle Square, Cambridge MA 02138, USA Bremner X The standard 300 mm safety distance used to place natural gas pipe away from water pipeline facilities needs to be reviewed to consider accidental damage and provide safety cushion to the natural gas pipe. You can filter the plants displayed on the map based on demographics, plant characteristics such as size and fuel type, and quantity of annual plant-level emissions of SO2, NOX, CO2, and PM2.5. Second, we use PM2.5 as a surrogate for pollution from power plants to determine 1) the level of pollution exposure during pregnancy for women living close to power plants and 2) whether the amount of pollution depends on fuel type. A Sign up or text "SCIENCE" to 67369. Ha There are a lot of factors that you need to consider. Different countries have a different regulation regarding the measurements of where to reside Association Between Number of Plants Within 20 km, by Fuel Type, and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Florida From 2004 to 2005. a Adjusted for maternal age, maternal race, maternal education, marital status, census block group income, and urban neighborhood. et al. Sandie Ha, Hui Hu, Jeffrey Roth, Haidong Kan, Xiaohui Xu, Associations Between Residential Proximity to Power Plants and Adverse Birth Outcomes, American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 182, Issue 3, 1 August 2015, Pages 215224, https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwv042. These keydemographicsand information about nearby power plants may help identify a community's potential vulnerability to environmental concerns. By grant K01ES019177 from the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ( X.X. S in addition, nitric have... 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