Meanwhile, many doctors were citing large amounts of alcohol as injurious to an individuals health. \text{Salaries Payable}& 300,000& 240,000\\ What were the different varieties of abolitionism? In 1828, his Likeness to God sermon argued that true religion is marked by the believer becoming more and more like God. Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. The message held the greatest appeal for those without power in society. The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. No Preference Early nineteenth-century, most children were educated in locally supported schools and many had no access to learning at all. \quad\text{Hutchinson Company}& 75,000 &2,000,000\\ k. Give the journal entry that explains the change in the treasury shares during 2013, Chicago Corporation Abolitionists differed in their ideas about how to effectively bring about the end of slavery. Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. For example, Virginia passed legislation making it illegal to teach slaves, free blacks, or mulattoes to read or write. Religious reformers preached that individuals were responsible to seek out their own salvation and hoped to regenerate and perfect society through individual conversions. The Latter Day Saint Movement (of which the Church of Jesus Christ and Latter Day Saints, popularly called the Mormons, is the most important branch) also was born in the Burned-Over District during the era of the Second Great Awakening. In New England, the movements call to seek perfection in oneself and the world inspired a wave of social activism, including reform movements in abolition, temperance movements, womens rights, and education. "Neither a Slave nor a King" intervenes in the scholarly debate over the "antislavery origins" of the sectional crisis in antebellum America - how the rise of a northern antislavery movement escalated the sectional tensions that led to southern secession and the Civil War. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. \text{Basic Earnings per Common Share (Based on 1,600,000} \\ Moreover, cultural, social, and political tensions arose between the foreign American population and the local population in Liberia. \textbf{Intangibles (at Net Carrying Value)}\\ In later years, the Society provided the founding impetus to the Liberty Party, a political party with an abolitionist platform. Other important politicians, including James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, favored repatriation rather than emancipation. "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . Moreover, the rising numbers of immigrants in the northeast combined with near-universal white male suffrage convinced cities and states that education was essential to maintain a democracy. Revivalist preachers traveled on horseback, sharing the message of spiritual and moral renewal to as many as possible. These include: 1. The Grimk sisters were one example of the overlap in the reformist impulse between abolitionism and womens rights. The antebellum period of America was an era of change. They formed abolition groups together to voice their opinions and fought in arguments over women's suffrage. Unitarians stressed the inherent goodness of humankind. Additionally, some of the conspirators were recruited at the Hungary Baptist Meeting House, the church Gabriel and his brothers attended. In the early decades of the century, several groups emerged as colonizationists. These groups sought to remove blacks from the United States either through emigration or through the creation of colonies in Africa. The first, in which . Give Me Liberty! ) Rumors spread across the South that the rebellion was not limited to Virginia; more African Americans were killed or arrested in Alabama, Virginia, and in other slaveholding states. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ ), { "13.01:_Religious_Reforms_in_the_Antebellum_United_States" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.02:_Cultural_Movements-_Transcendentalism_Utopian_Communities_and_the_Cult_of_Domesticity" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.03:_American_Antebellum_Reform" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.04:_Conclusion" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.05:_Critical_Thinking_Exercises" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.06:_Key_Terms" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13.07:_Chronology" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, { "00:_Front_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "01:_United_States_History_Before_Columbus" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "02:_The_Global_Context_-_Asia_Europe_and_Africa_in_the_Early_Modern_Era" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "03:_Initial_Contact_and_Conquest" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "04:_The_Establishment_of_English_Colonies_Before_1642_and_Their_Development_Through_the_Late_Seventeenth_Century" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "05:_English_Colonization_After_1660" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "06:_Growing_Pains_in_the_Colonies" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "07:_The_Road_to_Revolution_(1754-1775)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "08:_The_American_Revolution" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "09:_Articles_of_Confederation_and_the_Constitution" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "10:_The_Federalist_Era" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "11:_The_Early_Republic" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "12:_Jacksonian_America_(1815-1840)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "13:_Antebellum_Revival_and_Reform" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "14:_Westward_Expansion" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "15:_The_Impending_Crisis_(1848-1861)" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "16:_The_Civil_War" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "17:_Reconstruction" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()", "zz:_Back_Matter" : "property get [Map MindTouch.Deki.Logic.ExtensionProcessorQueryProvider+<>c__DisplayClass228_0.b__1]()" }, [ "article:topic", "license:ccbysa", "showtoc:no", "authorname:locks", "program:galileo", "licenseversion:40", "source@https://oer.galileo.usg.edu/history-textbooks/1/" ], https://human.libretexts.org/@app/auth/3/login?returnto=https%3A%2F%2Fhuman.libretexts.org%2FBookshelves%2FHistory%2FNational_History%2FBook%253A_United_States_History_to_1877_(Locks_et_al. \text{Less Accumulated Depreciation and Amortization}& (4,000,000) &(3,800,000)\\ However, abolitionism developed significantly over the 1800s. \text{EXPENSES}\\ Throughout New England, many Christians began to espouse Unitarianism, a sect based on the importance of human reason. In the 1800's a woman 'Belonged' to a man on marriage. The Mayflower carried barrels upon barrels of beer for its passengers. \text{Other Current Liabilities}& 460,000 &200,000\\ e. 111.78111.78111.78. A Massachusetts schoolteacher was the leading advocate of more humane treatment of the insane, who at the time generally were placed in jails alongside debtors and hardened criminals. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. The convention ended with the issue of the Declaration of Sentiments, a document that largely paralleled the Declaration of Independence, and leveled a series of charges against the patriarchy of the United States that had been the source of the oppression of women. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. \text{Equipment Mortgage Indebtedness}& 332,000 &1,300,000\\ Throughout the South, slaves attended camp meetings. At the same time, the Second Great Awaking stressed the notion of personal responsibility and the responsibility of a person to the sins of neighbors. Far more women than men were converted during the revivals of the Second Great Awakening. In the spring of 1841, Dix visited a Cambridge jail in order to teach Sunday school for a group of women inmates. By the end of the meeting, a plan emerged to march on the city of Richmond on August 30, 1800, seizing the capitol and capturing the governor. We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The Anti-Slavery Society was home to white and black abolitionists. Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. The survey also asked the respondent's gender. In the early nineteenth century, the United States was becoming a more diverse nation; the new varieties of Protestantism were one reflection of this change. Give Me Liberty Ch. The experiment in Liberia proved to be, in many ways, a failure; hundreds died from disease soon after emigrating. \quad\text{Chicago Finance Corporation}& \$1,800,000\\ The majority of the members of the Society favored including women in the governing structure of the organization; the more conservative members broke away from the Anti-Slave Society to form the American and Foreign Anti-Slave Society, which excluded women. The years after the War of 1812 brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in society. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. Both were popularly-rooted movements that emphasized conversion and a spiritual rebirth through personal religious experiences. In 1823, Smith recounted that an angel named Moroni had visited him. Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. In every state, laws restricted the political and civil liberties of free African Americans. Often, white abolitionists knowingly or unknowingly exploited stereotypes in their abolitionist efforts. The antebellum reform movements were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations. \text{REVENUES}\\ The sisters spoke before state legislations and were among the first women to speak in public forums before mixed sex groups. Like many religious movements of the day, Mormons believed in the imminent Second Coming of Jesus. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. Twenty years later in Charleston, South Carolina, lay-preacher Denmark Vesey led a similar conspiracy to incite rebellion. It is also during this time that higher education began to open to women. By helping others, they asserted their worth while at the same time alleviating social ills. \text{Net Income}&& \$ 4,400,000\\ Baptists and Methodists preached that all could achieve salvation and that all people were equal before God. Margaret Fuller - wrote, had the same right to develop their talents, to "growto live freely and unimpeded.". For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. For some, the issue initially boiled down to access to the slave population and the ability to bring the message to a wider audience. Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. Abolitionism was perhaps the most radical of the reform movements of the era. A company has net sales of $489,600\$ 489,600$489,600 and average accounts receivable of $40,800\$ 40,800$40,800. \quad\text{Total Shareholders Equity}& \$11,000,000 &\$ 7,800,000\\ UTOPIAN COMMUNITIES - Reform communities where small groups of men and women attempted to establish a more perfect order within the larger society. Slavery was the cornerstone of the southern economy. Young female teachers staffed many of the schools. \text{Common Stock}& 2,000,000& 2,000,000\\ In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. Their intense and emotional atmosphere inspired a tremendous number of conversions. \text{Convertible Preferred Stock}& \$ 2,000,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ Slaveholders must be convinced of the sinfulness of their ways, and the North of its complicity in the peculiar institution. An important example of the abolitionist voice in the South came from sisters from Charleston, South Carolina who had migrated north and become Quakers because of their abolitionism. \quad\text{Total Long-Term Debt}& \$ 5,000,000&\$ 6,000,000\\ \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. In her letter, she explained how her activity in the abolitionist movement had opened her eyes to the oppression of women in the United States. In 1822 , a former slave named Denmark Vesey planned to lead eighty slaves in a revolt in Charleston, South Carolina. Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. He planned his revivals in great detail as a kind of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform. The health reform experience of the past decade does provide a number of more specific lessons for us. The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. \text{Bonds Payable}& \$ 3,648,000 &\$ 3,600,000\\ Turner, who claimed to have experienced religious visions inspired by the Holy Spirit, used Biblical passages and his account of the visions to recruit more than seventy followers, both slave and free blacks, and incite rebellion. The abolitionist emblem - a portrait of a slave in chains coupled with the motto "Am I Not a Man and a Brother?" Finney also encouraged women to speak publicly in witness or testimony in these mixed-sex gatherings. 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